H1N1, commonly known as the swine flu, has genetic links to the 1918 Cedar Rapids Swine Show that took place in Iowa, reports the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health. That virus strain has mixed genetically with at least four other influenza strains throughout the years. The new 2009 strain has similarities to the original 1918 virus. This information is helpful to researchers studying patterns and developing a plan to deal with a possible swine flu outbreak.
On June 12, 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared a swine flu pandemic. A pandemic means that there has been a global outbreak of a disease. As H1N1 cases reached widespread communities across two continents, Australia and North America, WHO raised its infectious alert to the highest level, stating the outbreak was only "moderate in severity" and cautioning against panic. By raising the alert level, countries were free to accelerate the production of a vaccine. In September 2009, the FDA approved an H1N1 vaccine for the United States.
How an Influenza Vaccine is Grown
The production of an influenza vaccine takes four to six months before is available it for general use.The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) issues "seed stock viruses" to countries. These "seeds" are cultured in egg allowing the virus to grow. The virus is made inactive (killed) so people do not get the flu from the vaccine.
Who Should Get the H1N1 Vaccine?
The CDC has specific target groups recommended to receive the swine flu vaccine first. Those populations include:
- pregnant women
- people who live with, or care for, children younger than 6 months of age
- healthcare and emergency medical services personnel
- persons between the ages of 6 months and 24 years old
- people between the of ages 25 to 64 years who are at higher risk because of chronic health disorders or compromised immune systems
Healthy adults between the ages of 24-64 would be next on the list. Initial studies show that those over the age of 65 have a lower risk for infection compared to younger people, therefore they will be offered the vaccine as the younger age group's needs have been met. There is no report of a shortage, but availability and demand can not be predicted, making CDC guidelines helpful as H1N1 vaccinations move forward.
Who Should Not Get the H1N1 Vaccine?
The H1N1 vaccine, like the seasonal flu vaccine, is cultured in egg. Those with an egg allergy should speak to their doctor about the feasibility of receiving the vaccine. Babies under the age of six months should not get the vaccine. Anyone who has had a reaction to the seasonal flu vaccine should talk to their doctor about the risk of H1N1. People who have developed Guillian's Barre Syndrome within six weeks of getting a flu shot in the past are recommended against the swine flu vaccine. Anyone with a fever should postpone the vaccination.
This is a new strain of influenza and a new vaccine. Those considering the vaccine should talk to their doctor about the risks and benefits.
Join the Conversation